Abstract
Winter in Japan, we can often see the young mother in the heavy snow in the morning, holding a young daughter waiting for the bus to the kindergarten, mother and daughter two people are all one short skirt exposed legs; In the kindergarten, all the boys and girls took part in the sports meeting with short sleeves, while the parents in the audience showed no sign of worry. When the cold wave comes, the little ones are still running around in single clothes and trousers. You may have some doubts. Are the Japanese really afraid of the cold? In Japan, "cold tolerance" is not only a cultivation culture, but also a growth education, with a deep tradition and history. Stepping out of the well-cared indoor space, you can feel the changes of the four seasons of nature, especially the special winter with your body, which is very consistent with the natural concept of Japan since ancient times.
Japan is located in the Pacific Ring of fire, earthquakes, so the houses are mostly wooden structure. Less resources, so know how to save use, overnight white water will have a special recycling place, to prevent waste. The land area is small, facing the sea, so food is not enough, so more to fish and other food. This study focuses on the adaptation of adults in different regions of Japan to environmental differences. From understanding the geographical environment of Japan, we observe the different reactions of the growing environment to the temperature difference of the human body.
Key words: winter; Tradition and history; The idea of nature; Environmental differences
I.Selected topic background
1.1、Meaning
The research object is the impact of Japan's geographical environment on Japanese people. Through research and data collection, it is of great significance to promote the physical and mental health of people, the harmony between people and society, between people and nature, and between people.
Geographical environment refers to the geographical location of a society and the sum total of various natural conditions associated with it, including climate, land, rivers, lakes, mountains, mineral deposits, animal and plant resources, etc. The geographical environment is an ecotone of energy, located on the surface of the earth, that is, the lithosphere, hydrosphere, soilosphere, atmosphere and biosphere interaction of the ecotone, its thickness is about 10-30 kilometers. Natural environment is a natural complex composed of rocks, landforms, soil, water, climate, biology and other natural elements. Geographical environment is one of the important factors affecting the difference of human body. Geographical environment plays a key role in the sensitivity and tolerance of human body to temperature. From the actual situation of all countries in the world, we can find that countries and nations with great geographical differences also have great differences in their nationals.
1.2、purpose
Environmental research in Japan is in the process of being explored and developed. Perceptive motion coordination refers to the coordination of individual action in time to the rhythm of the external environment, which is an important hinge between the performance of sports and the external environment. Perceptual motor coordination is an important ability that affects individuals' daily life and work, especially in music, dance, competitive sports and other fields.
The change of body perception or body movement of an individual will have an unconscious embodied effect on the higher mental processes such as perception and emotion. Research on cognitive neural mechanism shows that the motor cortex of the brain plays an extremely important role in this series of higher mental processes. This paper mainly combs and analyzes the research on the neural mechanism of embodied social cognition, aiming to analyze how the body movement affects the individual's understanding and interaction with the environment from the perspective of cognitive neural mechanism, and to consider the current research status of embodied cognitive neural mechanism from the perspective of methodology.
In recent years, more and more scholars have carried out researches on the comfort and evaluation of heat and cold, but there are few researches on the influence of thermal comfort on physical ability, and the human body's perception of temperature is tactile. The skin senses the temperature, through the nerves, through a series of activities to the brain, and the brain, through the nerves, makes a series of physiological responses. Like shivering and goosebumps when it's cold and sweating when it's hot. These phenomena are also part of our study of the body's temperature resilience.
II.The research background
Since entering the 21st century, China's economy has been developing at a rapid speed, and the level of science and technology has been greatly improved compared with before. After solving the daily necessities of life, people naturally began to pursue the spiritual level. Therefore, tourism has come into people's sight and gradually become one of the most popular industries in the past two years.
he climate characteristic of Japan is monsoon is remarkable, maritime sex is strong. It is warmer in winter and cooler in summer in the same latitude with The Asian continent. The northern Hokkaido region has a temperate monsoon climate, with a cold year-round climate, long winters and insignificant seasonal changes. To the south, the Seto Inland Sea lies between them. Like China, sandwiched between Kyushu region and Kinki region, where culture has been very developed since ancient times, the seto Inland Sea has become an important road of communication, serving as a bridge connecting eastern and Western cultures and economic activities. It has a subtropical monsoon climate. More plum rain, Taiwan rain, autumn rain; The northwest coast is snowy in winter, and the Pacific coast has many typhoons. Generally, it has a Pacific coast climate, which can be divided into three climatic regions. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, a cosmopolitan city, and has close relations with all countries in the world. The north and south are mountainous, while the central part is open plain and generally warm. Concentrated in the area centered around Kyoto, Osaka, and Kobe, the area is known as the Osaka Metropolitan Area or Kyohanshin Sando area.
In terms of biological convenience, the difference of human body's adaptive function: adaptability is a basic physiological response of organisms in the environment. For a long time, the survival of the fittest of all kinds of organisms in nature lies in the adaptive function. There are three types: the balanced type, which has strong adaptability and stress ability to the changes of the surrounding environment and has a more balanced level of various hormones in the body, is the ideal group type. Sympathetic type: some people think this type is sensitive to warm front response, so also known as warm front type, their sympathetic nervous system function is active, the body catecholamines secreted more, happy disposition, rich feelings, strong working ability; Vagus: this group has strong vagus nervous system tension against the cold front, which is often manifested as vagus excited symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, slow heart rate, low blood pressure and enhanced smooth muscle tension.
III.The concept of temperature perception
In order to survive, maintain their physiological balance and avoid extreme temperatures, people must be aware of the temperature of their surroundings.
To put it simply, it is not the temperature of the outside world that one perceives, but the loss and injection of heat. If you touch metal and plastic in the winter, for example, you tend to find the metal cooler, but the temperature is actually the same. It's just that the metal allows your body's heat to pass through at a faster rate. The loss of heat causes your body temperature to drop without changing your specific heat capacity. Then it sends signals through the nervous system to the brain, where you detect heat and cold. If the heat transfer rate of something you touch is low enough, even if the temperature is a few hundred degrees or tens of degrees below zero, you will not feel too hot or too cold.
The person has error to the perception of temperature, and actually the temperature of sleeping board and sleeping mat is different in winter. When it comes to heat dissipation, the mat is made of bamboo, which is compact and sturdy. There is not much space inside, and the outside is made a lot of big gaps to heat, and the board is a whole, there is no big gap to heat, but the inside is a lot of small loose cell body composition, it has the heat preservation effect, which is why the down jacket will be more than the common cotton clothes can keep out the cold.
Japan is an island country, affected more by the maritime climate, so the winter in Places like Tokyo and Kyoto is not very cold. Winter temperatures in Tokyo are usually around seven or eight degrees Celsius, and the wind outside is generally not very windy. In addition, indoor heating in public places such as shopping malls, subways and office buildings is so well equipped that even bare legs do not feel cold. When the weather is very cold, women can wear skirts to warm the baby on the abdomen, or wear warm stockings. Japanese people have bathtubs at home and hot baths are a daily part of their lives. Different physical differences will also have differences in temperature, one side of the water and soil to raise one side of the people, because of the large gap in Japan's resistance, people from different regions will have slight differences.
Iv. Influencing factors of temperature perception
We the normal temperature of the human body in 37 degrees or so commonly, the body will produce heat to maintain the functioning of the body, when the environment temperature is too high, the calories will not to come out, we will feel hot, and when the environment temperature is too low, the body to maintain body temperature, would shrink pores, let a person feel very cold. Interpersonal constitution is different, some people's constitution slants cold, hot and some people, constitution is different, the feelings of people in different constitution to temperature are different, at the same time, in addition to health, the health of the human body and the clothes as well as the present living conditions can affect the human perception of the temperature. So summer heat in the sky, a lot of people will envy those who are cold, or is it not easy to feel the heat of the people, but in the summer do not feel the heat is really very good? In fact, it is not like this. Generally speaking, it is easier to feel cold. On the one hand, it is determined by the constitution.
Women are more likely to feel cold than men because they are biologically more sensitive to temperature than men and are affected by estrogen. Women's physiological structure makes them more prone to anemia, which also causes a large amount of iron loss and makes them more likely to feel cold.
Thyroid function can also affect the human body's perception of temperature. One of the functions of the thyroid is to promote metabolism and generate heat. When hypothyroidism occurs, people will easily feel cold and suffer from anemia. In water shortage is also easier to feel cold, moisture accounts for a large part of the body, water can regulate its own temperature, water shortage, the body can't heat preservation heat and release, maintain body temperature balance, feelings will be more sensitive to temperature, and water shortage will cause the body metabolism slows down, it would be easier to feel cold. There are many factors that affect people's perception of external temperature. It is also due to some internal or external factors that different people experience different temperatures and temperatures under the same environment.
IIv.The research methods
5.1、Questionnaire survey method
Questionnaire is a widely used method in social investigation at home and abroad. A questionnaire is a form used for statistics and surveys in which questions are asked. The questionnaire method is a method for researchers to measure the problems studied with this controlled measurement, so as to collect reliable data. Most questionnaires are sent by mail, individual distribution or collective distribution. This time, five questions were prepared, with different answers designed for each question. The surveyors filled in the answers according to the questions in the form. Generally speaking, the questionnaire is more detailed, complete and easily controlled than the interview table. The main advantages of questionnaire method are standardization and low cost. Because the questionnaire method is a well-designed questionnaire survey tool, the questionnaire design requirements of standardization and measurement.
5.2、Statistical analysis
Analyze the collected data with effective (appropriate) statistical analysis methods, summarize and understand them, and digest them so as to extract useful information and form conclusions to provide basis or recommendations for decision-making. Fundamentally speaking, there are two kinds of statistical analysis methods: one is logical thinking method, the other is quantitative relationship analysis method. They are inseparable in statistical analysis and should be combined.
Quantitative relationship analysis method is to use the methods discussed in statistics to analyze the differences in temperature perception, including the relationship between things. For example, comparative analysis, average and variation analysis, comprehensive evaluation analysis, structural analysis, balance analysis, dynamic analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, etc.
5.3Literature study method
According to the research of the biology before convenient to human perception, the study of Japanese history, through the investigation and literature to obtain information, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand Japanese college students to master different places was born on the human body, temperature difference of perception can help to understand the history and status of cold in Japan, help determine the research subject. To form a general impression about Japanese college students is helpful for observation and interview. The comparison of realistic data is helpful to understand the overall situation of specific temperature difference.
IIIv.The research content
Across the country, temperatures vary significantly from north to south, reaching 25 degrees latitude. Hokkaido and Honshu plateau is a subfrigid zone, the local area is temperate, and Okinawa and other southern islands are subtropical. In addition, Japan's position makes it subject to monsoon winds and the confluence of ocean currents, so it has four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. Japan can be divided into six climatic zones, which are:
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Hokkaido climate
Hokkaido is not affected by the meiyu and receives less rainfall than the rest of Japan. Summer is short and cool; Winters are long and cold. Hokkaido people generally have thick body hair, which can be used to regulate the temperature. Therefore, college students born in Hokkaido have a more balanced temperature perception. They are less afraid of cold than people in other regions of Japan and have a stronger ability to keep warm.
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Sea side climate of Japan.
It covers the western coast of Honshu. The winter is dominated by the Siberian high, blowing northwest winds. At the same time, because the warm current on the Horse current through the Sea of Japan in winter and bring a lot of moisture, so often snow. Summer rainfall is less, sometimes due to foehn and will appear unusually high temperature. Compared with other regions, the climate of sea breeze is relatively hot, and Japanese college students living in this region can easily adapt to the hot climate. A large amount of water vapor rises, which proves that the temperature rises quickly, and it is not so easy to adapt to the resistance to cold weather.
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Central Highland climate
Typical inland climate, cold in winter and cool in summer, large temperature difference between winter and summer and between day and night, less rainfall. It is relatively dry all year round, and the temperature is generally neither too low nor too hot. Therefore, people living in this area are generally sensitive to the temperature ginger, and they will not adapt to it if it is too hot or too cold. They have strong temperature perception ability.
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Pacific side climate
It includes much of the east coast of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Summer affected by the southeast monsoon, meiyu typhoon more. There is less snow in winter. This kind of climate will often have heavy rain, wet and humid climate, summer is not too hot, winter is not too cold, people living here are not strong ability to keep out the cold, wet climate is not sensitive, more sensitive to cold air.
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Seto Inland Sea climate
Including Shanyang local, North shikoku, Kinki and Kyushu local areas. It is often sunny, with little rainfall, and suffers from droughts from time to time. Japanese college students living here are not sensitive to the hot climate and will not adapt to the cold and hot weather.
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Climate of the South West
IslandsIt covers the Ryukyu Islands. Subtropical climate, hot in summer and warm in winter. Heavy rainfall. Typhoons often blow in summer.Japan is the wetter part of the world. The main reasons include the winter snowfall in Japan's coastal areas; June, July (Okinawa, The United States for May, June) between the continuous plum rain; And typhoons that make landfall or approach Japan from summer to autumn. The highest recorded temperature in Japan was 40.9 degrees Celsius, measured on 16 August 2007 in Kumaya city, Saitama Prefecture, and Dozhi City, Gifu Prefecture; The lowest recorded temperature is -41 degrees. People who live here are not sensitive to heat or cold. They are used to temperature differences throughout the year and will soon be able to use environmental differences.
VV. Summarize
The higher the temperature is, the greater the influence of BAI is. "Appropriate temperature and light can trigger people's alert level, while high temperature and bright light can make people irritable and irritable. The higher the temperature, the greater the effect on mood. "Generally speaking, when the temperature reaches 35℃, people tend to lose their appetite and feel depressed. Temperature rises to 38℃, restlessness, Shouting, throwing things will increase significantly; When the temperature goes up to 40 degrees, the chances of fights and suicides are much higher than usual."
Individual perception of temperature includes physical and psychological components of temperature. The psychological component mainly refers to the perception of the internal temperature of the individual body, namely the perception of the core temperature, which is around 37℃. It can adjust the body temperature automatically according to the ambient temperature, making it adapt to the environment.
"The emotional limit varies with different temperatures. In general, the higher the temperature, the faster you reach the tolerable limit. For example, at 35 ° C, you can hold for an hour; at 38 ° C, you can hold for 30 minutes; at 40 ° C, you can hold for only 10 minutes."
Scientific research found that the pineal gland in the human body under intense sunlight, secretion of the corresponding hormone less, so that the concentration of thyroxine, adrenalin increased, rainy bad weather when the pineal gland secretion of the hormone is more, thyroxine, adrenaline concentration is relatively lower. Thyroxine and adrenaline promote cellular metabolism, increase oxygen consumption, and stimulate tissue growth and maturation and differentiation. Therefore, the weather is closely related to people's emotional state.
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W D Snider,S B McMahon.Tackling pain at t
